Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
The study of unmanned aerial vehicles encompasses most areas of electrical
engineering, software engineering and core computer science.
The Monash UAV Group (Aerobotics) was
formed in 1999, and as part of this, the Lawrence
Hargrave Collection was also established. Currently the Group is a loose
federation of those interested in flight. Most members are FAI accredited
model aircraft pilots. This gives a degree of practicality to our research
which traditional university research can often lack. Failure to get it exactly
right in this research area is invariably expensive and can be dangerous.
I am interested in the civil applications of electrically powered UAVs. The
research is focussed on safety and ease of use. I make no apologies for it
also being fun.
Regulations
and Flight Safety
The relevant regulations for UAV operations are CASR-101. The conditions
under which we conduct flights are set out in the references below. The Monash
UAV Group is insured for fully autonomous flight including flights outside
visual range.
It is my expectation that most model aircraft will, within a year or two,
come equipped with integrated autopilots, including GPS navigation (return
to origin), and spread spectrum communications if only to ensure safe use
of recreational aircraft by unskilled pilots - "litigation mitigation"
if you will. These features will serve to contain aircraft to designated safe
flying spaces and return them to the vicinity of the pilot should they for
any reason stray out of radio range.
- Taylor, B., and Egan, G.K., 'Monash UAV Operations Manual',Technical
Report MECSE-16-2006, Department of Electrical & Computer Systems
Engineering, Monash University, 2006.
- Egan, G.K., Cooper, R.J.V., and Taylor, B., 'Unmanned
Aerial Vehicle Research at Monash University',11thAustralian
International Aerospace Congress, AIAC11, Melbourne, Australia, March 2005.
- Egan, G.K., Cooper, R.J.V., and Taylor, B., 'Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Research
at Monash University',Technical
Report MECSE-15-2006, Department of Electrical & Computer Systems
Engineering, Monash University, 2006.
Airframes
Most research groups simply purchase ready made aircraft to support their
research. We were anxious to distance ourself from being percieved to be just
flying model aircraft by adopting airframes that were themselves a little
unusual. This came in part from the urgings of Professor John Bird one of
the group founders.
The aircraft we use for trials were a team effort between myself and Ray
Cooper. Ray has brought practicality and a sound empirical knowledge and construction
experience, gained over 30 years of flying. I have been responsible for the
choice of airfoils and the configuration of the aircraft with suprisingly
good success. I have certainly learnt much about construction and low Reynolds
Number flight.
The aircraft, P15035, P16025 and Duigan are described on the Monash
UAV Group site.
Avionics and Autopilots
Avionics
I have developed a large number of components
and associated software to support UAV research. The compact nature of UAVs
and the large number of RF emitting devices on board the aircraft make the
EMC challenges interesting! All of the software and much of the hardware was
developed in my own time.
Micropilot
We use the Micropilot autopilot as
our reference autopilot. It is very widely used by university based UAV researchers.
The autopilot provides very comprehensive logs
which we use in our research into model identification and automatic tuning.
VMC Autopilot
The autopilots developed under this research are described in the papers
that follow. Attitude control is by the use of IR sensors rather than the
more normal inertial platforms. There are two VMC autopilots under development
within the Group. One by myself and one by Brian Taylor. Brian and I work
very closely on these developments largely as a form of sanity check on safety
and other issues.
- Egan, G.K., and Taylor, B., 'Characterisation of Infrared Sensors for
Absolute Attitude Determination of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles', Technical
Report MECSE-2-2007, Department of Electrical & Computer Systems
Engineering, Monash University, 2007.
- Egan, G.K., and Cooper, R.J.V., 'An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Autopilot',
Technical Report MECSE-27-2006,
Department of Electrical & Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University,
2006.
- Egan, G.K., and Taylor, B., 'The Use of Infrared Sensors for Absolute
Attitude Determination of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles', Technical
Report MECSE-22-2006, Department of Electrical & Computer Systems
Engineering, Monash University, 2006.
- Taylor, B., Bil, C., Watkins, S., and Egan, G.K., 'Horizon
Sensing Attitude Stabilisation: A VMC Autopilot', 18th International
UAV Systems Conference, Mar 2003, Bristol, UK.
Model
Identification and Tuning
For UAVs to be economical, particularly in civil applications, they must
be easy to operate. This research is directed at flight control systems which
autonomously identify an aircrafts dynamics and tune its control systems appropriately
to accommodate changes in payload and possible sensor failure.
- Santoso F., Liu M., and Egan G.K, 'Root
Locus Based Root Locus Based Autopilot PID’s Parameter Tuning for
a Flying Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle', ITB J. Eng. Sci. Vol. 40, No.
1, 2008, 14-39.
- Santoso, F., Liu, M., and Egan, G.K., 'H2 and Hinf
robust autopilot synthesis for longitudinal flight of a special unmanned
aerial vehicle: a comparative study', IET Control Theory & Applications,
Volume 2 Issue, pp583-594, 7 July 2008.
- Santoso, F., Liu, M., and Egan, G.K., 'Linear
Quadratic Optimal Control Synthesis for a UAV', 12thAustralian
International Aerospace Congress, AIAC12, Melbourne, Australia, 16-22 March
2007.
- Liu, M., Egan, G.K., and Ge, Y., 'Identification of Attitude Flight Dynamics
for an Unconventional UAV', IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent
Robots and Systems 2006, Beijing, China. October 9-15 2006.
- Santoso, F., Liu, M., and Egan, G.K., 'Linear Quadratic Optimal Control
Synthesis for a UAV', Technical
Report MECSE-5-2007, Department of Electrical & Computer Systems
Engineering, Monash University, 2007.
Mission
Planning and Extension
This work conducted by undergraduate students is directed at extending the
flight of aircraft by the use of environmental lift (thermals and ridge/wave
lift) and solar energy sources for inflight battery recharging.
- Goodwin, A., Egan, G.K., and Crusca, F., 'UAV
Ridge Soaring in an Unknown Environment', 12thAustralian
International Aerospace Congress, AIAC12, Melbourne, Australia, 16-22 March
2007.
- Price, E., and Egan, G.K., 'Real-time
UAV Visualization using a Flight Simulator', 12thAustralian
International Aerospace Congress, AIAC12, Melbourne, Australia, 16-22 March
2007.
- Wang, Egan, G.K., and Cornall, T., 'Feature Based Navigation for UAVs',
IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems 2006,
Beijing, China. October 9-15 2006.
- Wang, K., Egan, G.K., and Cornall, T., 'UAV: Feature Based Navigation',
Technical Report MECSE-10-2006,
Department of Electrical & Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University,
2006.
- Price, E., Egan, G.K., and Crusca, F., 'Real-time UAV Visualization using
a Flight Simulator',Technical
Report MECSE-9-2006, Department of Electrical & Computer Systems
Engineering, Monash University, 2006.
- Goodwin, A., Egan, G.K., and Crusca, F., 'UAV Ridge Soaring in an Unknown
Environment',Technical
Report MECSE-7-2006, Department of Electrical & Computer Systems
Engineering, Monash University, 2006.
Vision
Based Attitude Sensing
This work was led by my research student and fellow Group Member Terry Cornall
as part of his PhD studies. Terry was key member of the CTIE research staff
for many years with a strong background in video processing. He left Monash
in 2006 but remains a member of the Group.
- Cornall, T.D., Egan, G.K., and Price, A., 'Aircraft Attitude Estimation
from Horizon Video', IEE Letters, Vol.
42 Issue 13., pp744-745, 22 June 2006.
- Cornall, T., Price, A., and Egan, G.K., 'Measuring
Horizon Angle on a Small Unmanned Vehicle using Digital Video Camera and
an FPGA', The 3rd International Conference on Autonomous
Robots and Agents (ICARA 2006), p215-220, Palmerston North, New Zealand,
12-15 Dec, 2006.
- Cornall, T., Egan, G.K., and Price, A., 'Aircraft attitude estimation
from horizon video',Technical
Report MECSE-17-2006, Department of Electrical & Computer Systems
Engineering, Monash University, 2006.
- Cornall, T., and Egan, G.K., 'Heaven and Earth: How to tell the difference'.
Technical Report MECSE-21-2005,
Department of Electrical & Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University,
2005.
- Cornall, T., and Egan, G.K., 'Attitude from Horizon Vision', Technical
Report MECSE-20-2005, Department of Electrical & Computer Systems
Engineering, Monash University, 2005.
- Cornall, T., and Egan, G.K., 'Horizon Angle from Video'. Technical
Report MECSE-19-2005, Department of Electrical & Computer Systems
Engineering, Monash University, 2005.
Research | G.K.
Egan
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